ULTRAPULSE™ For ceramic, refractory, plastic, and laminate materials
The most advanced ultra-sonic test system for accurately testing Ceramic Materials.
The James Ultrapulse™ is ideally suited for the testing of ceramic materials, refractories, plastics and laminates. Ultrasonic velocity measurement permits accurate and repeatable calculation of modulus of electricity, bulk density and the detection of cracks. Stored data can be uploaded to a PC with the optional hand-held terminal. The Ultrapulse™ can be used with a wide range of ultrasonic stansducers for all of your ceramic testing needs.
Features & Benefits:
Direct digital read-out of transit time.
Flaw detection.
Simple calibration; no special bar required.
Built-in wave form display on LCD.
Portable, light weight with battery and A-C power.
Hand Held Terminal with:
RS-232 output for uploading to computer.
Direct reading of calculated P-wave velocity and S-wave velocity.
Direct reading of calculated modulus of elasticity.
Direct reading of Poissons ratio.
Applications The use of the JAMES Ultrapulse™ system is rapidly becoming a standard method for the quality measurement of refractories. Ultrasonic velocity measurement permits accurate and repeatable calculation of modulus of elasticity, bulk density and the detection of cracks. On a comparison basis, density variations within a single piece or between sim-ilar parts can be detected. Ultrasonic measurements can be correlated to modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and degradation of thermal shock.
The ceramic and refractory industries are applying the Ultrapulse™ System to the testing of pouring shrouds, slide gates, pouring flues, furniture, metal clad brick, black heart detection in brick, fusion castings, crusibles, abrasive wheels, clay pipe, stopper heads,rotor rods, nozzles and other parts.
Carbon The same technique and measurement used in ceramics and refractories have been widely used and accepted as quality measurements for carbon electrodes, brushes, and other carbon products.
Plastics and Laminates The application of low frequency ultrasonics to plastic permits nondestructive testing and grading for strength and density. Basic parameters can be calculated from velocity such as modulus of elasticity, bulk density and porosity. Bonds between plastic and other materials, as well as laminates, can be measured.
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Technical The velocity of ultrasonic energy pulses travelling in a solid material are related to the density and elastic properties of the material. The pulse velocity is thus a measure of density and elastic properties of the material.
In transmitting ultrasonic energy through a coarse grained material such as concrete, ceramics or wood, it is necessary for the wave length of energy to be greater than the diameter of the largest grain particle. If it is not, all of the energy will be reflected back by the particles and none will reach the receiver.
Typically, the 150 KHz transducers are used for ceramic testing – the signal wave length is about 1.4 inches (34mm). Finer materials require higher frequencies for opti-mum resolution.
The basic Ultrapulse™ System contains a transmitter, a receiver and a very accurate high speed electronic clock. The transmitter generates an electrical pulse, which when applied to a transmitting transducer, converts the electrical energy into a pulse of ultrasonic mechanical vibration. This vibration is coupled with the speciman under test by placing the transducer in contact with the speciman. At another selected point on the speciman another receiving transducer is coupled by mechanical contact. Each transmitted pulse of energy registers on the high speed clock. The first energy wave reaching the receiving transducer is converted back to an electrical signal and turns off the clock. The elapsed time is displayed on the LCD in 0.1 microsecond increments.
The large LCD display has a graphic display of waveform in the lower half of the LCD with option for displaying the envelope of the received signal or expanded front end of the signal.
The hand-held terminal is an external input device; it facilitates input of:
Distance between transducers.
English or Metric Units.
Density differences.
Moisture correction.
Selection of P or S wave transducers.
Enabling the following to be done automatically:
Calculation of ultrasonic pulse velocity
Calculation of Poissons Ratio
Calculation of modulus of elasticity
Finally, the hand-held terminal with RS-232 adaptor
What Types of Stress Waves are Introduced into a Structure by Impact?
If transient stress waves are introduced into a concrete structure by mechanical impact at a point on the surface, as shown in Fig. 1, the stress waves include a dilatational (P-) wave and a distortional (S-) wave, which propagate into the structure along hemispherical wavefronts, and a Rayleigh (R-) wave, which propagates along the surface of the structure. Among the stress waves, the P-wave propagates fastest and the R-wave propagates slowest. The S-wave propagates slightly faster than the R-wave. In an infinite isotropic elastic solid, the P-wave speed, Cp, and the S-wave speed, Cs, are related to the Young’s modulus of elasticity, E, Poisson’s ratio, v, and the density, p. For a Poisson’s ratio of 0.2, the R-wave speed is 92% of the S-wave speed and 56% of the P-wave speed. The motion of a particle disturbed by the P-wave is parallel to the direction of wave propagation while the particle motion disturbed by the S-wave is perpendicular to the wave propagation direction as schematically illustrated in Fig. 1.
The particle motion disturbed by the R-wave is elliptical. The vertical disturbance of a particle on the impact surface caused by the R-wave arrival is much larger than that caused by the S-wave and P-wave arrivals.
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( FORE CO. reserves the right to alter specifications to equipments to any time. )
(J04;ULTRASONIC4) For ceramic, refractory, plastic, and laminate materials
